The appeal of serving your web pages with a single process

Summary

As I slowly work on updating the software behind this blog to deal with the unfortunate realities of the modern web (also), I've found myself thinking (more than once) how much simpler my life would be if I was serving everything through a single process, instead of my eccentric, more or less stateless CGI-based approach. The simple great thing about doing everything through a single process (with threads, goroutines, or whatever inside it for concurrency) is that you have all the shared state you could ever want, and that shared state makes it so easy to do so many things. Do you have people hitting one URL too often from a single IP address? That's easy to detect, track, and return HTTP 429 responses for until they cool down. Do you have an IP making too many requests across your entire site? You can track that sort of volume information. There's all sorts of potential bad stuff that it's at least easier to detect when you have easy shared global state. And the other side of this is that it's also relatively easy to add simple brute force caching in a single process with global state. (Of course you have some practical concerns about memory and CPU usage, depending on how much stuff you're keeping track of and for how long.) You can do a certain amount of this detection with a separate 'database' process of some sort (or a database file, like sqlite), and there's various specialized software that will let you keep this sort of data in memory (instead of on disk) and interact with it easily. But this is an extra layer or two of overhead over simply updating things in your own process, especially if you have to set up things like a database schema for what you're tracking or caching. (It's my view that ease of implementation is especially useful when you're not sure what sort of anti-abuse measures are going to be useful. The easier it is to implement something and at least get logs of what and how much it would have done, the more you're going to try and the more l...