The drawbridges come up: the dream of a interconnected context ecosystem is over

Summary

The AI Era is Speedrunning the Web 2.0 Story: Integrations Will Be Tightly Governed The chatter around MCPs has been reminding me of Web 2.0. MCPs have become a rallying point for a larger vision of the future, where LLMs are connected to all the data and apps they’ll ever need, allowing them to easily perform all the rote tasks we’d like to avoid. Web 2.0 described a similar vision (among other visions), where interconnected services would allow apps to leverage all your data, no matter where it resides. For a while, every app published an API. Consultants made bank helping governments and corporations set up their own APIs. Many API standards emerged and withered, and we waded through the various security issues until we stabilized on a set of norms. Things were pretty good! But it didn’t last. Once network effects crowded a few winners, the drawbridges slowly pulled up. Previously simple APIs evolved into complicated layers of access controls and pricing tiers. Winning platforms adjusted their APIs so you could support their platforms, but not build anything competitive. Perhaps the best example of this was Twitter’s 2012 policy adjustment which limited client 3rd party apps to a maximum of 100,000 users (they’ve since cut off all 3rd party clients). The Web 2.0 dream of unfettered free exchange evolved into tightly governed one-way interfaces. Today there are plenty of APIs to support ad buying and posting on Facebook, Google, or Twitter, but barely any that allow you to consume data. We’re already seeing a similar narrative play out with MCPs. MCPs are a touchstone technology, a feature that embodies the dream for what could be. We want LLMs to be able to access our apps and data so they can effectively answer questions or perform tasks for us. The problem is each platform likely has its own AI, which they’d prefer we’d use. Let’s look at what happened in the last two weeks: The drawbridges are coming up quickly, accelerated by consolidation. Data remains a moa...